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1.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(7): 434-441, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787265

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate changes in the serum concentration and renal expression of IL-1 and TNF-α cytokines in rats that received sevoflurane and glibenclamide prior to hemorrhage. METHODS: Two groups of sevoflurane-anesthetized Wistar rats (n=10): G1 (control) and G2 (glibenclamide, 1 µg/g i.v.); hemorrhage of 30% blood volume (10% every 10 min), with replacement using Ringer solution, 5 ml/kg/h. Serum concentrations of IL-1 and TNF-α were studied in the first hemorrhage (T1) and 50 min later (T2), renal expression, at T2. RESULTS: In serum, G1 TNF-α (pg/mL) was T1=178.6±33.5, T2=509.2±118.8 (p<0.05); IL-1 (pg/mL) was T1=148.8±31.3, T2=322.6±115.4 (p<0.05); in G2, TNF-α was T1=486.2±83.6, T2=261.8±79.5 (p<0.05); IL-1 was T1=347.0±72.0, T2= 327.3±90.9 (p>0.05). The expression of TNF-α and IL-1 in the glomerular and tubular cells was significantly higher in the G2 group. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhage and glibenclamide elevated TNF-α and IL-1 concentrations in serum and kidneys. High levels of TNF-α already present before the hemorrhage in the glibenclamide group may have attenuated the damages found in the kidneys after the ischemia event.


Subject(s)
Animals , Shock, Hemorrhagic/metabolism , Interleukin-1/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Glyburide/pharmacology , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Kidney/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Anesthetics, Inhalation/administration & dosage , Models, Animal , KATP Channels/antagonists & inhibitors , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney Tubules/drug effects , Kidney Tubules/metabolism , Methyl Ethers/administration & dosage
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 104(supl.1): 136-141, July 2009. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520900

ABSTRACT

A new multiplex assay platform was evaluated to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection using the recombinant antigensCRA, FRA, CRAFRA fusion and parasite lysate. The antigens presented different sensitivity and specificity in a singleplex test when compared to a serial dilution of two pools comprising 10 positive serum samples and one pool of 10 negative samples. The recombinant protein CRA presented lower sensitivity (55%) in contrast to the 100% specificity and sensitivity of FRA, CRAFRA and T. cruzi lysate. These antigens also showed good results in a duplex test and the duplex test with CRAFRA/T. cruzi lysate showed better performance with 100% specificity and sensitivity, as well as a lower cut-off value in comparison to the other duplex test, FRA/T. cruzi lysate. Hence, when the antigens were used in duplex format, both tests showed decreased cut-off values and no interference between different bead sets, resulting in increasing sensitivity and specificity. The results of these multiplex tests show that they could be an alternative to singleplex detection for Chagas disease, and also indicate the necessity of using multiplex diagnostic tools to increase the sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic tests. Emerging data from the T. cruzi genome and from its ORFeome project will also allow the identification of new antigens for this disease detection application.


Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Protozoan , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Immunoassay/methods , Case-Control Studies , Microspheres , Reproducibility of Results , Recombinant Proteins , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 13(4): 1153-1163, jul.-ago. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-488816

ABSTRACT

Partimos de pesquisa anterior que triangulou métodos ao investigar se a violência impede a garantia dos direitos dos idosos. A uma amostra de conveniência de 72 idosos (60 ou mais anos), de ambos os sexos, aplicamos um questionário com questões abertas e fechadas e entrevistamos 22 informantes-chave (idosos, líderes comunitários e representantes de órgãos públicos). Neste recorte, investigamos a rede de proteção ao idoso do município do Rio de Janeiro (instituições, fluxo do atendimento, articulação, denúncias que chegam e medidas tomadas). Analisamos 763 registros de ocorrências da Delegacia do Idoso e 135 do NEAPI, atendidas em 2004. Destacamos a violência doméstica perpetrada por parentes próximos. Apontamos a necessidade de estruturação da rede formal com aumento do número de instituições de proteção ao idoso, capacitação profissional, comunicação e articulação entre os órgãos que a compõem. Julgamos importante estimular as redes informais de apoio e proteção aos idosos.


This article is based on previous studies using triangulation of methods for investigating if violence is obstructing the rights of the elderly. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was applied to a convenience sample of 72 elderly (60 or more years of age) of both sexes. Twenty-two key-informants (elderly people, community leaders and representatives of public institutions) were interviewed. In this survey we investigate the net for protection to the elderly of the city of Rio de Janeiro (institutions, assistance flow, integration, denunciations and measures taken). We analyzed 763 records of occurrences of the Police Department for the Aged and 135 of the NEAPI (Nucleus for Special Assistance for the Aged), taken care of in 2004. We emphasize domestic violence committed by close relatives and point to the need of structuring the formal net through increasing the number of institutions for protection to the aged, professional qualification, communication and integration among the agencies composing the net. We also consider important stimulating the informal nets for support and protection to the elderly.


Subject(s)
Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Geriatrics , Social Support , Brazil , Violence/prevention & control
4.
Genet. mol. biol ; 30(1): 1-5, 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-445674

ABSTRACT

The enzymes encoded by the polymorphic genes CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 play an important role in the activation and inactivation of xenobiotics. These enzymes have been associated with xenobiotic-induced diseases, such as cancer, therapeutic failure and adverse effects of drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine the allelic and genotypic frequencies of these polymorphisms in a large, ethnically mixed Brazilian population sample from Rio de Janeiro. Polymorphisms CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were determined in 870 unrelated individuals by PCR-RFLP analysis in peripheral blood DNA. The observed allelic frequencies were 0.90 for CYP1A1*1A and 0.95 for CYP2E1*1A, in the total sample. The allelic frequency of CYP1A1*2C in "pardos" (0.13) and Brazilian whites (0.11) was higher than in Caucasians (0.05), which may be a result of the Amerindian genetic component, that presents the highest frequency of this allele observed up to now. The genotype distributions for both polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and were statistically different between males and females, and among ethnic groups.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 , Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 , Cytochromes a1 , Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 56(4): 343-351, set.-ago. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-432386

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Existem controvérsias quanto à possibilidade de a analgesia de parto interferir no andamento do trabalho de parto e na vitalidade do recém-nascido. O objetivo deste estudo foi a interação entre analgesia do parto pelas técnicas peridural contínua e duplo bloqueio, com pequena dose de anestésico local, e o tipo de parto ocorrido, pela análise do peso e índice de Apgar do recém-nascido. MÉTODO: Analisaram-se, prospectivamente, os resultados de 168 analgesias de parto (janeiro de 2002 a janeiro de 2003), divididas em quatro grupos: G1 (n = 58) peridural contínua e evolução para parto vaginal; G2 (n = 69) duplo bloqueio e evolução para parto vaginal; G3 (n = 25) peridural contínua e evolução para cesariana; G4 (n = 16) duplo bloqueio e evolução para cesariana. Para G1 foi administrada ropivacaína a 0,125 por cento (12 a 15 mL), para G2, bupivacaína a 0,5 por cento (0,5 a 1 mL), sufentanil (10 mg), por via subaracnóidea. Administrou-se ropivacaína a 0,5 por cento, por via peridural, para o parto vaginal (8 mL) e para cesariana (20 mL). Avaliaram-se idade, peso, altura, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), idade gestacional (IG), paridade e complicações (hipotensão arterial, bradicardia e hipóxia), e, do recém-nascido, peso e índice de Apgar (1°, 5° e 10° min). RESULTADOS: A maioria das parturientes era primigesta, com gestação de termo (uma IG de 28 semanas e nenhum pós-datismo), com peso, G2 < G4, e, IMC, G2 £ G4. Para o peso do RN, G1 < G3 e G2 < G4, e o Apgar do 1° min, G1 > G3. CONCLUSÕES: As técnicas de analgesia, peridural contínua e duplo bloqueio, com pequenas doses de anestésico local, não apresentaram interação com o resultado do parto, se a análise estiver focalizada no peso e no índice de Apgar do recém-nascido.


Subject(s)
Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Humans , Analgesia, Epidural , Analgesia, Obstetrical , Anesthetics, Local , Apgar Score , Delivery, Obstetric , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Labor, Obstetric
6.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; set. 2005. 83 p. ilus, tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-442787

ABSTRACT

Lutzomyia longipalpis é o principal vetor de leishmaniose visceral no Brasil. A perspectiva de controlar doenças transmitidas por insetos depende de nossa capacidade em controlar o inseto vetor ou intervir na interação parasito-vetor. Enquanto isto tem sido bem estudado em malária, com o desenvolvimento de mosquitos transgênicos incapazes de transmitir o parasito, muito pouco se conhece entre a interação leishmania-flebotomíneo. Estamos estudando moléculas potencialmente envolvidas na alimentação sanguínea e infecção de L. longipalpis por L. chagasi. Através de DDRT-PCR e sequenciamento de ESTs, previamente identificamos vários genes de interesse, inclusive alguns genes potencialmente envolvidos na resposta imune inata do inseto. Um gene de TGF-? de L. longipalpis foi identificado em cDNA de flebotomíneo alimentado com sangue contendo L. chagasi, indicando um potencial papel desta molécula na resposta imune inata neste vetor. O cDNA de TGF-? de L. longipalpis foi completamente seqüenciado. Este gene contém 7 cisteínas que são conservadas entre os membros da super-família TGF-? e o domínio catalítico típico RXXR. Uma porção conservada de TGF-? de L. longipalpis foi comparada com seqüências análogas de outros membros da família. Membros individuais da super-família foram agrupados com genes ortólogos de insetos, mamíferos, aves, anfíbios e peixes. A presente seqüência parece estar mais relacionada à família das ativinas/inibinas, para as quais foi descrito um possível papel no controle de hormônio folículo estimulante, no desenvolvimento e crescimento. A ativina de L. longipalpis parece estar mais relacionada com a ativina de alguns vertebrados do que com a de D. melanogaster. Entretanto, a possibilidade de haver outras ativinas em L. longipalpis mais parecidas com a de Drosophila não pode ser descartada. Um fragmento do gene foi clonado num vetor de expressão e a proteína recombinante foi utilizada para a produção de anticorpo policlonal. A expressão...


Subject(s)
Insect Vectors , Leishmania , Psychodidae , Transforming Growth Factor beta
7.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 94(6): 803-9, Nov.-Dec. 1999.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-251343

ABSTRACT

From March 1996 to August 1997, a study was carried out in a malaria endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon region. In vivo sensitivity evaluation to antimalarial drugs was performed in 129 patients. Blood samples (0.5 ml) were drawn from each patient and cryopreserved to proceed to in vitro studies. In vitro sensitivity evaluation performed using a radioisotope method was carried out with the cryopreserved samples from September to December 1997. Thirty-one samples were tested for chloroquine, mefloquine, halofantrine, quinine, arteether and atovaquone. Resistance was evidenced in 96.6 percent (29/30) of the samples tested for chloroquine, 3.3 percent (1/30) for quinine, none (0/30) for mefloquine and none for halofantrine (0/30). Overall low sensitivity was evidenced in 10 percent of the samples tested for quinine, 22.5 percent tested for halofantrine and in 20 percent tested for mefloquine. Means of IC 50 values were 132.2 (SD: 46.5) ng/ml for chloroquine, 130.6 (SD: 49.6) ng/ml for quinine, 3.4 (SD: 1.3) ng/ml for mefloquine, 0.7 (SD: 0.3) ng/ml for halofantrine, 1 (SD: 0.6) ng/ml for arteether and 0.4 (SD: 0.2) ng/ml for atovaquone. Means of chloroquine IC 50 of the tested samples were comparable to that of the chloroquine-resistant strain W2 (137.57 ng/ml) and nearly nine times higher than that of the chloroquine-sensitive strain D6 (15.09 ng/ml). Means of quinine IC 50 of the tested samples were 1.7 times higher than that of the low sensitivity strain W2 (74.84 ng/ml) and nearly five times higher than that of the quinine-sensitive strain D6 (27.53 ng/ml). These results disclose in vitro high resistance levels to chloroquine, low sensitivity to quinine and evidence of decreasing sensitivity to mefloquine and halofantrine in the area under evaluation


Subject(s)
Adult , Male , Antimalarials/pharmacology , Drug Resistance , Malaria , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Radioisotopes , Antimalarials/administration & dosage , Brazil/epidemiology , Chloroquine/administration & dosage , Malaria/drug therapy , Malaria/epidemiology , Malaria/prevention & control , Mefloquine/administration & dosage , Phenanthrenes/administration & dosage , Quinine/administration & dosage
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